Unlimited token approvals are granted silently, with no disclosure of the ongoing exposure surface.

Pillar: Agency


The problem

When a user approves a protocol to spend their tokens, the default is unlimited approval. The approval persists indefinitely. It can be exercised any time the contract is called — including after an upgrade or exploit.

The long-term exposure created by a single approval is never disclosed at the moment of signing.


Why it matters

  • Agency: I do not know what ongoing rights I have granted over my capital.
  • Safety: A single old approval can drain a wallet in a future exploit with no further user interaction.

What exists today

Revoke.cash and similar tools allow post-hoc approval management. ERC-20 permit (EIP-2612) enables scoped approvals but is not enforced by default.


The gap

No standard requiring protocols to request scoped, time-limited approvals by default.


Open questions

  • Should approval scope be enforced at the wallet layer or the protocol layer?
  • What’s the adoption barrier for EIP-2612 across existing protocols?

My notes


Potential solutions


agency defi gap